Scarborough's Reading Rope is the conceptual framework behind what’s known as The Simple View of Reading, which informs what's oftencommonly referred to as “The Science of Reading" — a body of research built over more than 30 years, and strengthened by increasingly sophisticated brain-imaging evidence.
The key idea is, (appropriately) simple:
Phonemic Awareness (or “PA”) is the ability to identify, separate and blend individual speech sounds (known as “phonemes”) within spoken (not written) words. If you can't hear and isolate the sounds in spoken words, how are you supposed to connect them to the letters that represent* those words?
PA is the skill most commonly overlooked in early literacy, because it doesn’t look like “reading." It’s not about books, spelling, sight words, or even letters... it's about sound.
While most reading programs emphasize recognizing the first sounds in letters, it's the ability to ability to separate all the sounds in a word that is the foundation to fluent, automatic reading. It's not necessarily hard, but it's definitely all "natural." And it is the foundational skill that is underdeveloped in the dyslexic brain.
Fortunately, it is totally learnable!
*if that connection was never made, you might think that written English is totally illogical and random, and think you have to memorize everything. Can you imagine how exhausting that would be?
What is
Phonemic Awareness?
Scarborough's Reading Rope
Scarborough's Reading Rope is the conceptual framework behind what’s known as The Simple View of Reading, which informs what's oftencommonly referred to as “The Science of Reading" — a body of research built over more than 30 years, and strengthened by increasingly sophisticated brain-imaging evidence.
The key idea is, (appropriately) simple:
Phonemic Awareness (or “PA”) is the ability to identify, separate and blend individual speech sounds (known as “phonemes”) within spoken (not written) words. If you can't hear and isolate the sounds in spoken words, how are you supposed to connect them to the letters that represent* those words?
PA is the skill most commonly overlooked in early literacy, because it doesn’t look like “reading." It’s not about books, spelling, sight words, or even letters... it's about sound.
While most reading programs emphasize recognizing the first sounds in letters, it's the ability to ability to separate all the sounds in a word that is the foundation to fluent, automatic reading. It's not necessarily hard, but it's definitely all "natural." And it is the foundational skill that is underdeveloped in the dyslexic brain.
Fortunately, it is totally learnable!
*if that connection was never made, you might think that written English is totally illogical and random, and think you have to memorize everything. Can you imagine how exhausting that would be?
Structured Literacy
Explicit Skills are taught directly
Systematic & Cumulative
The alphabetic code is taught intentionally as a coordinated system
Multisensory
Intentionally links handwriting, pronunciation, and phonology
Diagnostic/Flexible
Instruction is based on the learner’s mastery, not on a prescribed curriculum.
VS.
Traditional Reading Instruction
Implicit
Skills are expected to be inferred
Incidental/non-sequential
The alphabetic code is introduced as it appears in reading materials, not in a cumulative sequence
Print-focused
emphasizes whole-word recognition over handwriting and sound–symbol understanding
Curriculum driven
Instruction follows a scripted program, moving on even when gaps remain.
Structured Literacy
Explicit Skills are taught directly
Systematic & Cumulative
The alphabetic code is taught intentionally as a coordinated system
Multisensory
Intentionally links handwriting, pronunciation, and phonology
Diagnostic/Flexible
Instruction is based on the learner’s mastery, not on a prescribed curriculum
VS.
Traditional Reading Instruction
Implicit
Skills are expected to be inferred
Incidental/non-sequential
The alphabetic code is introduced as it appears in reading materials, not in a cumulative sequence
Print-focused
emphasizes whole-word recognition over handwriting and sound–symbol understanding
Curriculum driven
Instruction follows a scripted program, moving on even when gaps remain
TheActive ReaderDifference
Structured Literacy (aka "Orton Gillingham")
A research-backed approach endorsed by the IDA, Center for Effective Reading Instruction, and ALTA builds reading from the ground up, step by step.
Gold standard for literacy instruction
Expert Instruction + Human Connection Dyslexic kids need different help
I teach the exact skills the dyslexic brain struggles to develop on its own. To ensure the child doesn't "check out." Passive learning doesn't work.
Designed from the ground-up to be delivered online.
Hand-picked Video Games Customized for your child
Games that reinforce the specific skills that need to be developed in your child.
These are skills that are overlooked in almost all literacy programs.
The Active Reader Difference
Structured Literacy (aka "Orton Gillingham")
A research-backed approach endorsed by the IDA, Center for Effective Reading Instruction, and ALTA builds reading from the ground up, step by step.
Gold standard for literacy instruction
Expert Instruction + Human Connection Dyslexic kids need different help
I teach the exact skills the dyslexic brain struggles to develop on its own. To ensure the child doesn't "check out." Passive learning doesn't work.
Designed from the ground-up to be delivered online.
Hand-picked Video Games Customized for your child
Games that reinforce the specific skills that need to be developed in your child.
These are skills that are overlooked in almost all literacy programs.
With the Active Reader, your child will gain
a full grade level in 8 weeks — guaranteed.
With the Active Reader, your child will gain a full grade level in 8 weeks — guaranteed.
Relationship + Deliberate Practice = Lasting Results
Relationship: ✅ Weekly one-on-one live sessions ✅ Opportunities to meet other students ✅ Parent office hours
Deliberate Practice: Customized video Games (with leaderboards, daily practice drills designed specifically for your child)
Lasting Results Lasting results that shape your child's confidence, learning, and future opportunities.
Relationship + Deliberate Practice = Lasting Results
Relationship: ✅ Weekly one-on-one live sessions ✅ Opportunities to meet other students ✅ Parent office hours
Deliberate Practice: Customized video Games (with leaderboards, daily practice drills designed specifically for your child)
Lasting Results Lasting results that shape your child's confidence, learning, and future opportunities.
"When you're reading fast and you're understanding, it's like you're flying."
Sam, aged 10
"When you're reading fast and you're understanding, it's like you're flying."
Sam, aged 10
Dyslexia Doesn't Fix Itself
Without the right support, difficulties can compound over time, undermining confidence and self-image
Insufficient school support
Reading difficulties intensify over time
Emotional and psychological consequences
Effective Intervention = Future Opportunities
It's not too late!
Wherever your child is right now, there’s still time to help.
Lexercise Professional Therapy is a structured, research-based intervention designed for students with dyslexia and related reading difficulties.
Sessions follow an IDA credentialed Structured Literacy Program, and each session is integrated with a customizable, gamefied suite of games that allows for independent daily practice, complete with points, streaks, and goals.
English isn’t purely phonetic, but it isn’t random either — it’s morphophonetic. Students learn to spot the Greek and Latin pieces inside words so they can understand meaning, pronunciation, and structure at a deeper level.
Vocabulary that used to feel out of reach becomes a secret strength.
Lexercise Professional Therapy is a structured, research-based intervention designed for students with dyslexia and related reading difficulties.
Sessions follow an IDA credentialed Structured Literacy Program, and each session is integrated with a customizable, gamefied suite of games that allows for independent daily practice, complete with points, streaks, and goals.
English isn’t purely phonetic, but it isn’t random either — it’s morphophonetic. Students learn to spot the Greek and Latin pieces inside words so they can understand meaning, pronunciation, and structure at a deeper level.
Vocabulary that used to feel out of reach becomes a secret strength.
With the right support, real progress is possible.
Hear from parents like you:
Hi! I'm Kate.
I’m The Active Reader.
I like big words, small dogs (well, my small dog), and punctuation.
I’ve been teaching reading for over twenty-five years, to
students of all ages, abilities, and backgrounds. I’m a certified Structured Literacy Dyslexia Therapist, trained
through IDA-accredited programs including Lexercise, Lindamood-Bell, Words in Color, and F.A.S.T. Phonics.
After graduating from Smith College and spending some years writing screenplays, waiting tables, touring with a pop band, and generally being convinced I was going to “change the world,” I found myself teaching English in a failing middle school in Compton. To my surprise, I discovered that while I could talk about books, stories, and word origins 'til the cows came home, what I couldn’t do was teach a classroom full of kids how to actually read when they were already behind.
I get how hard it is to be a classroom teacher.
Later, I worked for a small company that (incredibly) taught four-year-olds to read using systematic, incremental instruction. Although four years old is arguably too young for reading instruction, that experience did teach me that the signs of dyslexia can be discerned very early— even before preschool, and that has made me passionate about effective screening and early intervention.
I’m also a certified yoga instructor, and while I’m a terrible meditator, I’m an excellent breather. I've used that training to help my students manage their anxiety, settle down, and perk up. (I have yet to find anything more energizing than doing a headstand, and believe it or not, I often do them with my student, even over Zoom.)
Someday, I want to start a middle school where all academic content is taught through the science and business of food and cooking.
But for now, I just want to teach kids how to read.
As many as possible.
With the right support, real progress is possible.
Hear from parents like you:
Hi! I'm Kate.
I’m The Active Reader.
I like big words, small dogs (well, my small dog), and punctuation.
I’ve been teaching reading for over twenty-five years, to
students of all ages, abilities, and backgrounds. I’m a certified Structured Literacy Dyslexia Therapist, trained
through IDA-accredited programs including Lexercise, Lindamood-Bell, Words in Color, and F.A.S.T. Phonics.
After graduating from Smith College and spending some years writing screenplays, waiting tables, touring with a pop band, and generally being convinced I was going to “change the world,” I found myself teaching English in a failing middle school in Compton. To my surprise, I discovered that while I could talk about books, stories, and word origins 'til the cows came home, what I couldn’t do was teach a classroom full of kids how to actually read when they were already behind.
I get how hard it is to be a classroom teacher.
Later, I worked for a small company that (incredibly) taught four-year-olds to read using systematic, incremental instruction. Although four years old is arguably too young for reading instruction, that experience did teach me that the signs of dyslexia can be discerned very early— even before preschool, and that has made me passionate about effective screening and early intervention.
I’m also a certified yoga instructor, and while I’m a terrible meditator, I’m an excellent breather. I've used that training to help my students manage their anxiety, settle down, and perk up. (I have yet to find anything more energizing than doing a headstand, and believe it or not, I often do them with my student, even over Zoom.)
Someday, I want to start a middle school where all academic content is taught through the science and business of food and cooking.
But for now, I just want to teach kids how to read.